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Triple concertina wire fence Baled concertina wire prior to deployment
Concertina wire or Dannert wire[1] is a type of barbed wire or razor wire that is formed in large coils which can be expanded like a concertina. In conjunction with plain barbed wire (and/or razor wire/tape) and steel pickets, it is most often used to form military-style wire obstacles. It is also used in non-military settings, such as when used in prison barriers, detention camps, riot control, or at international borders. During World War I, soldiers manufactured concertina wire themselves, using ordinary barbed wire. Today, it is factory made.
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A sketch of a typical concertina wire obstacle Concertina wire can be a feature of prisons.In World War I, barbed wire obstacles were made by stretching lengths of barbed wire between stakes of wood or iron. At its simplest, such a barrier would resemble a fence as might be used for agricultural purposes.[2] The double apron fence comprised a line of pickets with wires running diagonally down to points on the ground either side of the fence. Horizontal wires were attached to these diagonals.[2]
More elaborate and formidable obstructions could be formed with multiple lines of stakes connected with wire running from side-to-side, back-to-front, and diagonally in many directions. Effective as these obstacles were, their construction took considerable time.
Barbed wire obstacles were vulnerable to being pushed about by artillery shells; in World War I, this frequently resulted in a mass of randomly entangled wires that could be even more daunting than a carefully constructed obstacle. Learning this lesson, World War I soldiers would deploy barbed wire in so-called concertinas that were relatively loose. Barbed wire concertinas could be prepared in the trenches and then deployed in no-man's-land relatively quickly under cover of darkness.
There was what might be called a concertina craze on: innumerable coils of barbed wire were converted into concertinas by the simple process of winding them round and round seven upright stakes in the ground; every new lap of wire was fastened to the one below it at every other stake by a twist of plain wire; the result, when you came to the end of a coil and lifted the whole up off the stakes was heavy ring of barbed wire that concertina'd out into ten-yard lengths.
Concertina wire packs flat for ease of transport and can then be deployed as an obstacle much more quickly than ordinary barbed wire, since the flattened coil of wire can easily be stretched out, forming an instant obstacle that will at least slow enemy passage. Several such coils with a few stakes to secure them in place are just as effective as an ordinary barbed wire fence, which must be built by driving stakes and running multiple wires between them.
A platoon of soldiers can deploy a single concertina fence at a rate of about a kilometre (5&#;8 mile) per hour. Such an obstacle is not very effective by itself (although it will still hinder an enemy advance under the guns of the defenders), and concertinas are normally built up into more elaborate patterns as time permits.
Today, concertina wire is factory made and is available in forms that can be deployed very rapidly from the back of a vehicle or trailer.[4]
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Oil-tempered barbed wire was developed during World War I; it was much harder to cut than ordinary barbed wire. During the s,[5] German Horst Dannert developed concertina wire of this high-grade steel wire. The result was entirely self-supporting; it did not require any vertical posts.[7] An individual Dannert wire concertina could be compressed into a compact coil that could be carried by one man and then stretched out along its axis to make a barrier 50 feet (15 m) long and each coil could be held in place with just three staples hammered into the ground.[8]
Dannert wire was imported into Britain from Germany before World War II. During the invasion crisis of &#;, the demand for Dannert wire was so great that some was produced with low manganese steel wire which was easier to cut. This material was known as "Yellow Dannert" after the identifying yellow paint on the concertina handles. To compensate for the reduced effectiveness of Yellow Dannert, an extra supply of pickets were issued in lieu of screw pickets.[10]
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A barrier known as a triple concertina wire fence consists of two parallel concertinas joined by twists of wire and topped by a third concertina similarly attached. The result is an extremely effective barrier with many of the desirable properties of a random entanglement. A triple concertina fence could be deployed very quickly: it is possible for a party of five men to deploy 50 yards (46 m) of triple concertina fence in just 15 minutes. Optionally, triple concertina fence could be strengthened with uprights, but this increases the construction time significantly.[8]
"Constantine" wire[
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Concertina wire is sometimes mistakenly called "constantine" wire. Constantine probably came from a corruption/misunderstanding of concertina and led to confusion with the Roman Emperor Constantine. This, in turn, has led to some people trying to differentiate between concertina wire and constantine wire by assigning the term constantine wire to what is commonly known as razor wire. In contrast to the helical construction of concertina wire, razor wire, or less commonly, constantine wire, consists of a single wire with teeth that project periodically along its length.[11]
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Want more information on concertina razor wire? Feel free to contact us.
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(PDF)
. Military Training Pamphlet Number 218. .Material steel wire
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The razor wire material galvanized steel coils
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cutting galvanized steel coils to barbed tape
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Forming razor wire
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Razor wire packing with into hard cartoon boxes
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After cutting razor barbed tape tightly crimped around the steel wire rope
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Packing inside is water proof paper and outside is woven bags and then loading into hard cartoon boxes.
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Razor concertina wire manufactured by the following technologies. First, rolled galvanized steel coils by cold forging, made barbed tape - a metal band with a sharp cutting studs on both sides. Then, barbed tape on special equipment is crimped around the guide wire. As Aiming high carbon wire is commonly used spring wire. After crimping get razor wire concertina barbed tape, concertina barbed tape is practically one with the foundation, it can not in any way be separated from the carrier wire. The following two images are the barbed tape and steel wire state of before crimped and after crimping.
Concertina razor wire is produced by modern automatic stamping complex of high quality materials that meet the required standards. Razor barbed tape manufactured by cold forming from galvanized steel coils with a thickness of 0.55 mm and galvanized high carbon spring rope wire or cable with a diameter of 2.5 mm.
Materials:
Steel Wire rope is made with a diameter of 0.2 to 4.0 mm, uncoated and galvanized. Rope wire is available in different thickness of the zinc coating - for medium and hard working conditions, in addition, cable wires on the mechanical properties divided by the highest and the first category. Our razor wire made of steel wire rope of the highest category with a zinc coating, designed for operation in harsh environments. Galvanized steel wire is intended for the manufacture of steel-aluminum, non-insulated cores and wires. Galvanized steel wire produced with diameters from 1.85 to 4.5 mm. Galvanized steel wire are made of three classes on the mechanical properties and the thickness of the two types of zinc coatings. Our razor barbed wire made from galvanized steel wire with maximum parameters - the ultimate tensile strength and thickness of the zinc coating.
Our razor barbed wire is manufactured only from high quality materials and the relevant rules. Barbed tape concertina is made of galvanized steel coils. In the manufacture of razor wire, we use galvanized steel coil thickness of 0.5 ... 0.59 mm for cold forming with uniform zinc coating.
All materials for the manufacture of razor fences and spiral razor have a protective zinc coating of sufficient thickness, and manufacturing technology to avoid damage to the surface during molding and compressing. By this means the life of our razor mesh fence is several times longer than standard razor wire.
The starting materials for razor production are galvanized steel strip, galvanized steel wire rope or spring, which has high strength and resilient properties, as well as haywire or steel strip for the manufacture of staples in the spiral obstacles production. The quality of raw materials largely determines the quality of razor wire concertina.
By cold forming from galvanized steel strip is produced with cutting tape located on both sides of studs having sharp cutting edges. After cutting this tape tightly crimped around the base - high carbon steel galvanized wire, this gives a little one-piece construction, no backlash and surface defects - concertina wire.
Concertina razor fencing in this form has sufficient barrier properties, but its efficiency is much enhanced if it is used in the form of spiral obstacles. The spiral of razor concertina wire, also called spiral security barrier concertina, is produced by razor barbed wire twist on the principle of a spiral, resulting in a volumetric spiral design, which has the highest protective properties.
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