This article describes the design and principles of continuous casting molds and their main features, the characteristics of different types of large molds and related knowledge about molds.
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Key words: continuous casting; copper mould tube; characteristics; method
The shape of the inner cavity of the copper mould tube of the high-efficiency billet continuous casting machine is designed according to the solidification characteristics of the continuous casting billet. Two aspects are mainly considered: one is near the meniscus, due to the high heat flux density and heat concentration, the heat deformation of the mold copper tube. The second is the shrinkage of the billet shell during the solidification process. The design principle is that the shape of the inner cavity of the copper tube of the cooper mould tube is consistent with the shrinkage law of the solidified billet shell, so as to reduce the thermal resistance of the air gap.
The requirements for the material of high-efficiency continuous casting molds are good thermal conductivity, high recrystallization temperature, thermal fatigue resistance, high strength, good wear resistance, and long service life. The main characteristics of high-efficiency continuous casting mold copper tube materials are the above-mentioned The overall performance of the performance is the best.
The surface quality of the slab largely depends on the uniformity of the primary slab shell at the meniscus, and the uniformity of the primary slab brightness depends on the heat flux density and the uniformity of heat transfer at the meniscus. The heat flux density is high, and the growth of the primary shell is too fast, which will increase the depth of the vibration mark, and at the same time make the shell shrink in advance, which enhances the unevenness of the shell thickness. Depression occurs locally, the tissue is coarsened, and obvious crack sensitivity is produced. For this reason, low thermal conductivity materials are inlaid in the meniscus area of the cooper mould tube to reduce the heat flux density and delay the shrinkage of the billet shell, that is, the hot top mold. The test shows that when casting low carbon steel, the casting speed is 1.3m/min, and the heat flux density at the meniscus is 2MW/m2 for common cooper mould tube and 0.5MW/m2 for hot top mold. The heat flow of the hot top cooper mould tube is reduced by 75%, the vibration marks are reduced by 30%, and the surface quality is obviously improved.
The mold copper tube with taper can be manufactured by profiling or pressure forming with inner core and outer mold. Profiling will destroy the copper structure and affect the service life. Processing complex tapers requires special processing equipment, which improves the manufacturing cost. Pressure forming will produce larger cutting head and tail cutting, and the yield of copper is low. Explosively formed copper tubes can be made into multi-taper and small angles of the inner cavity, which is especially beneficial to the repair of scrapped old copper mould tubes.
With the development of high-efficiency continuous casting, high-efficiency narrow-slot water-jacketed copper mould tubes have been widely used at home and abroad. The narrow-slit water-jacketed copper mould tube puts forward high requirements on the precision and form of the diversion water jacket. The deviation of the water gaps on the four sides of the copper mould tube will have a great impact on the water flow rate, resulting in uneven cooling on the four sides. It is difficult to completely eliminate the influence of the weld seam by welding the water jacket after machining or welding after overall extrusion. The mold water jacket formed by explosion has the characteristics of no weld seam processing and high manufacturing precision. Foreign stainless steel water jackets are mostly made by explosive forming technology.
The spray copper mould tube is to change the isolation water gap of the tubular copper mould tube into spray water cooling, that is, the spray water sprayed from the nozzle is directly sprayed on the copper tube of the copper mould tube to realize cooling. High cooling efficiency and significant water saving effect. The spray mold has a simple structure and low requirements for sealing, which avoids the problems of non-adjustable cooling intensity at the corner of the copper tube of the water seam mold, relatively weak cooling intensity, and uneven temperature distribution. Spray mold has been widely used in billet continuous casting machine. Theoretically speaking, the spray copper mould tube can use general cooling water, but the accidents caused by problems such as fouling and nozzle blockage in actual production have affected the use of the spray copper mould tube.
Both the 'water slot' copper mould tube and the spray copper mould tube belong to the tubular copper mould tube. 'Water seam type' copper mould tube adds a water jacket to the copper tube of the copper mould tube, and the water gap formed between the copper tube of the cooper mould tube and the water jacket is cooled by water. The 'water gap' copper mould tube is stable in use and not prone to blockage. At present, high-efficiency continuous casting generally uses narrow water-slit copper mould tubes with water gaps less than 4mm to increase the flow rate of cooling water, and with parabolic taper copper tubes, good results have been achieved.
In order to meet the needs of producing slabs of various specifications and shorten the time for mold replacement, the width of the mold can be adjusted online. Slab online width adjustment copper mould tube means that the two narrow sides of the copper mould tube can move inwards or outwards in small steps for many times until the predetermined width is adjusted, and the adjustment of the copper mould tube width is completed during the production process. In order to produce slabs of various specifications, the width of the copper mould tube needs to be changed. The on-line width adjustment of the copper mould tube can continuously cast billets of different widths, which saves downtime and improves production efficiency; it can reduce the loss of billet trimming and increase the yield; it can cast molten steel with similar composition without Downtime is required.
Commonly used methods for copper mould tube liquid level detection include: eddy current method, electromagnetic induction method, thermocouple method, infrared method, radioactive source method, etc. Currently the most widely used method is cobalt 60 or cesium 137 radioactive source detection method.
The most commonly used method to realize the non-sinusoidal vibration of the mold is through the hydraulic servo system, which can realize online adjustment of the amplitude and frequency, and set the waveform according to the process requirements. The hydraulic servo system realizes the non-sinusoidal vibration of the copper mould tube with relatively high precision, and has been well applied in production practice, but the equipment cost is relatively high. The non-sinusoidal vibration of the copper mould tube can also be realized by mechanical methods, and a device for realizing non-sinusoidal vibration of the copper mould tube by mechanical methods has been developed in China. According to reports, foreign countries have developed and used digital hydraulic cylinders instead of hydraulic servo systems to realize non-sinusoidal vibration of the copper mould tube, which greatly reduces costs and has broad market prospects.
Traditional copper mould tube vibration systems mostly use four-eccentric and short-arm four-link mechanisms. It is generally believed that this mechanism has a flaw in the guide design, that is, uncontrollable motion deviation due to wear. Therefore, a flexible body copper mould tube vibration guide mechanism-leaf spring copper mould tube vibration system has emerged. The vibration system in which the upper arm of the four-link mechanism is replaced by a spring steel plate is called a half-leaf spring copper mould tube vibration device, and the vibration system in which all four-link mechanisms are replaced by spring steel plates is called a full-leaf spring mold vibration device. Since the vibration system of the plate spring copper mould tube is a vibration mechanism without bearings, there is basically no wear and tear, and it has the advantages of stable performance, high motion precision, and long life. At present, a new generation of all-leaf spring vibration devices has appeared in China, with enhanced overall rigidity and higher precision.
In the process of steelmaking and continuous casting of steel companies, molten steel must first pass through the crystallizer copper tube to exothermic cooling and solidification at a certain speed before it can change from liquid to solid.
To provide mould tubes with optimal physical and mechanical properties to customers' specifications, mould tube products are supplied of the following materials:
These materials have different levels of hardness and thermal conductivities. We are highly experienced in choosing proper materials to meet the specific demands in heat resistance and thermal conductivities of customers' applications. The physical and mechanical properties of these materials are compared in details in the following tables:
Material
Cu-DHP
Cu-Ag
Cu-Cr-Zr
Melting point
'
'
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'
Coefficient of thermal expansion at 20'
1.68×10-5
1.68×10-5
1.70×10-5
Thermal
340 W/(m·K)
377 W/(m·K)
325 W/(m·K)
Recrystallization
330'
370'
700'
Hardness at 20'
Min. 85 HB
Min. 90HB
Min. 120HB
The Taper of Copper Moulds is of vital importance to the performance and life.
We supply Copper Moulds of best suitable tapers and stronger anti-wearing plating for copper mould tubes and mould plates.
Ranging from Single Taper, Double Taper, Triple Taper to Multiple Taper we supply all variants.
Each mould taper is tested by the computer-operated taper monitor and the taper graph for each mould tube is delivered along with mould tubes.
Nevertheless, the mold also has a service life, reaching a certain amount of steel, and the inner layer must be replaced after wear.
Although there are some companies that repair and rebuild or trade in copper pipes that are replaced during use, they are all repairs in the traditional sense, and they are plated with the original metal material ' hard chrome. It has no practical significance to completely change the performance of copper pipes, increase the amount of steel passing through, and reduce costs.
If you are looking for more details, kindly visit tandem rolling mill.