Alumina is the oxygen compound of the chemical element aluminum. In the technical field, alumina is referred to as electrocorundum (ELK).
Want more information on aluminum oxide price? Feel free to contact us.
Extraction and presentation
From bauxite aluminum hydroxide is obtained by digestion in sodium hydroxide solution (Bayer process). By removing the water, for example by firing, sintering or calcination, alumina is obtained.
The preparation of alumina can also be done by careful dehydration of gibbsite (hydrargillite) or boehmite.
Aluminum oxide is also formed during the combustion of aluminum powder with ammonium perchlorate in solid rockets.
The pure metal aluminum has a thin spontaneous aluminum oxide layer (self-passivation) after storage in air, which protects it from corrosion. By means of an electrolytically applied aluminum oxide layer, the aluminum surfaces of everyday objects are provided with an extremely hard (such as Mohs hardness 9) and corrosion-resistant protective layer by anodizing. For the production of electrolytic capacitors to use these anodized aluminum grades.
The global production of alumina increased from 108 million tonnes in 2014 to an estimated 118 million tonnes in 2015. The three largest producers of alumina were 2014 China (47,8 million tonnes), Australia (20,5 million tonnes) and Brazil (10,6 million tonnes). The USGS quoted average US import prices for aluminum oxide at 410 USD / tonne in 2015, while import prices for bauxite in the same year were at 28 USD / tonne.
As a by-product of the production of alumina, red mud, containing corrosive caustic soda and toxic heavy metals, is stored worldwide in open landfills or discharged into rivers.
Features
modifications
The most important modifications of the alumina are:
the cubic γ-Al2O3 (clay, starting material for ceramic and aluminum production)
the rhombohedral (trigonal) α-Al2O3 (known as mineral corundum, sapphire or - for chromium doping - ruby, as an abrasive and alumina ceramic)
Likewise, the β-alumina (β-Al2O3) is known, this is a historical error. This is the combination of Na2O and Al2O3 to Na2Al22O34 (Na2O · 11Al2O3), also known under the mineral name Diaoyudaoit
Electrical Properties
Al2O3 is a very good insulator and has a very high dielectric strength of 35 kV / mm. The specific resistance at 20 ° C is 1012 Ω m, at 1000 ° C it drops to 107 Ω · m. The relative permittivity is 9-10 at 100 MHz, the loss factor is about 10-4.
Thermal properties
Under standard conditions, the thermal conductivity due to the phonon resonance is at a relatively high value of 35,6-39 for ceramic materials W · m-1 · K-1 (single crystal corundum: 40 W · m-1 · K-1, dense ceramic with 96% Al2O3 25 W · m-1 · K-1), which rises sharply with decreasing temperature and decreases with increasing temperature at 1000 ° C to about 5 W · m-1 · K-1.
The coefficient of expansion is in the range 6,5-8,9 · 10-6 K-1.
The melting temperature is 2072 ° C, therefore the application temperature of high purity alumina ceramics should be below 1900 ° C.
Chemical properties
Al2O3 is an amphoteric salt, that is, it can react as an acid (in combination with a base) or as a base (in combination with an acid).
The γ-Al2O3 is a hygroscopic, white, loose powder that is not soluble in water, but in strong acids and bases. Already as of 800 ° C, the γ-Al2O3 changes into the α-Al2O3 which is generally insoluble in acids such as bases.
γ-Al2O3 is a porous material whose surface structure can be strongly influenced by the manufacturing process or its temperature. In chromatography, it is used as a stationary phase.
Aluminum oxide forms aluminates with various metal oxides.
Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of the alumina ceramics depend on the purity and microstructure of the ceramic produced. The purer the variety is, the better the properties are usually achieved, but the more complex the entire production process. In addition to the properties listed in the table below, alumina ceramics are also characterized by very good tribological properties and very good friction and wear behavior:
Mechanical properties of alumina to purity Property 96% 99,8% density 3,75 g / cm³ 3,96 g / cm³ flexural strength 310 MPa 630 MPa Weibull modulus 13 15 Compressive strength 2500 MPa 4000 MPa fracture toughness 4,0 MPam½ 4,3 MPam½ Modulus 350 GPa 406 GPa Vickers hardness HV1 1620 MPa 2000 MPaUsage
About 70% of world 120 annual production million tonnes of 2016 aluminum oxide were used in the production of metallic aluminum (Hall-Héroult process).
The α-Al2O3 has a Mohs hardness of 9 to 9,5 and is processed among other things to bearing stones of measuring instruments and watches, as well as to abrasives. The basis for this is often the by-product of aluminothermy accumulating Alundum.
Calcined aluminas are used in ceramics (eg in sinks, hotel ware, bulletproof clothing) or in the broadest sense as polishing agents (eg in glass ceramic cleaners, car care products, brake pads, toothpastes). Furthermore, sintered α-Al2O3 (sintered corundum) serves as refractory material in furnace linings or laboratory equipment.
Contaminated by small amounts of Cr2O3 or TiO2, the corundum forms the gems ruby (watch stones, drawing stones, ruby laser) and sapphire.
Ti2O3-doped Al2O3 single crystals form the heart of the Titan: sapphire laser.
γ-Al2O3 serves as an adsorbent and as a catalyst support, as well as a catalyst itself.
In electrical engineering alumina ceramic is used as a dielectric because of its low dielectric loss factor. The main field of application is the realization of strip lines and capacitors in high-frequency technology. Aluminum oxide ceramic plates also serve as a substrate for thick film technology, thin film technology and platinum temperature sensing resistors (see PT100). The good metallizability of this ceramic also allows the direct soldering of electronic components such as resistors or LEDs. The ceramic also acts as a heat sink at the same time. These ceramic electronic systems are just as effective as systems containing metallic heat sinks. Aluminum oxide is also used for the production of securing bodies.
The high dielectric strength and maximum operating temperature of up to 1900 ° C make aluminum oxide the ideal insulator for spark plugs.
Aluminum oxide ceramics are used in plant and machine construction, in particular for wear and corrosion protection. For example, transport channels and chutes, drum mills and mixers are lined with high-performance ceramic tiles to increase the service life of the systems. The corrosion resistance of glass surfaces can be significantly increased by a coating of aluminum oxide. Also in plasma welding, nozzles made of alumina have proven. Due to the good tribological properties in particular components such as sealing and regulating wheels, bearing bushes and shafts, thread guides in the textile industry as well as hip joint balls and pans in endoprosthetics have proven themselves. Also innovative is the use of ceramic studs in the inrun track of ski jumps.
High-purity, large-crystalline and therefore transparent alumina ceramic is used to produce burner tubes of high-pressure gas discharge lamps (sodium vapor lamps, metal halide lamps). It used to be used as an ultraviolet transparent window material for EPROMs.
Latest sintering processes make it possible to use alumina for the production of extremely strong nanoscale glass-ceramics, for. B. Wrist Watch Glasses.
Al2O3 ceramics have also recently been used in armor of vehicles. The ceramic tiles are glued to an aramid or Dyneema fabric. This type of armor achieves twice the protective effect of armor steel with the same basis weight. The ceramic fragments the projectile, and the aramid fibers then catch the fragments.
Al2O3 is marketed as corundum, semi-precious corundum and normal corundum known as corundum (ELK). In an electric oven, it is made at about 2.000 ° C. The resulting melt cake is smashed and sieved according to DIN specified grain sizes. Noble corundum is used in the art as an abrasive in making abrasive wheels. It is also used as a blasting agent and as a polishing powder.
Other aluminas
In addition to the trivalent aluminum oxide, two other aluminum oxides in lower oxidation states, aluminum (I) oxide and aluminum (II) oxide are known. However, these are stable only at high temperatures in the gas phase
If you are looking for more details, kindly visit painting with glass beads.
Prices of aluminum oxides
[88+ Pages Latest Report with Detailed Analysis] The key market players listed in the report with their sales, revenues and strategies are Sherwin, Outotec, CeramTec, Spectrum Chemcial, CoorsTek Ceramics, Alcoa Corporation, Khambhalay Abrasive, Tirupati Industries, BAIKOWSKI and others. The Rising demand for Chemical & Material Industry will drive the Aluminum Oxide segment growth over the next five years.
Latest "Aluminum Oxide Market" Size, Share & Trends Analysis Research Report 2024 - By Applications (Pharmaceutical Industry, Ceramic Industry, Industrial Manufacturing Processes, Medical, Others), By Types (Powder, Pellets, Pieces), By Segmentation analysis, Regions and Forecast to 2031. The Global Aluminum Oxide market Report provides In-depth analysis on the market status of the Aluminum Oxide Top manufacturers with best facts and figures, meaning, Definition, SWOT analysis, PESTAL analysis, expert opinions and the latest developments across the globe, the Aluminum Oxide Market Report contains Full TOC, Tables & Figures, and Chart with Key Analysis, Pre & Post COVID-19 Market Outbreak Impact Analysis & Situation by Regions.
What is the projected market size & growth rate of the Aluminum Oxide Market?
Aluminum Oxide Market Size is projected to Reach Multimillion USD by 2031, In comparison to 2024, at unexpected CAGR during the forecast Period 2024-2031.
Browse Detailed TOC, Tables and Figures with Charts which is spread across 88 Pages that provides exclusive data, information, vital statistics, trends, and competitive landscape details in this niche sector.
Client Focus 1. Does this report consider the impact of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on the Aluminum Oxide market? Yes. As the COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war are profoundly affecting the global supply chain relationship and raw material price system, we have definitely taken them into consideration throughout the research, and in Chapters, we elaborate at full length on the impact of the pandemic and the war on the Aluminum Oxide Industry
Final Report will add the analysis of the impact of Russia-Ukraine War and COVID-19 on this Aluminum Oxide Industry.
This research report is the result of an extensive primary and secondary research effort into the Aluminum Oxide market. It provides a thorough overview of the market's current and future objectives, along with a competitive analysis of the industry, broken down by application, type and regional trends. It also provides a dashboard overview of the past and present performance of leading companies. A variety of methodologies and analyses are used in the research to ensure accurate and comprehensive information about the Aluminum Oxide Market.
Which are the driving factors of the Aluminum Oxide market?
Rising Adoption of Pharmaceutical Industry, Ceramic Industry, Industrial Manufacturing Processes, Medical, Others among Businesses Drives Aluminum Oxide Market Growth
Based on end-user, the market is categorized into Powder, Pellets, Pieces held the largest Aluminum Oxide market share In 2022.
Get a Sample PDF of report - https://www.precisionreports.co/enquiry/request-sample/21298578
Aluminum Oxide Market - Competitive and Segmentation Analysis:
2. How do you determine the list of the key players included in the report? With the aim of clearly revealing the competitive situation of the industry, we concretely analyze not only the leading enterprises that have a voice on a global scale, but also the regional small and medium-sized companies that play key roles and have plenty of potential growth.
Which are the top companies operating in the Aluminum Oxide market?
Short Description About Aluminum Oxide Market:
The Global Aluminum Oxide market is anticipated to rise at a considerable rate during the forecast period, between 2024 and 2031. In 2021, the market is growing at a steady rate and with the rising adoption of strategies by key players, the market is expected to rise over the projected horizon.
Aluminium oxide or Aluminum oxide (in U.S. Engpsh) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium(III) oxide. It is commonly called alumina, and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, or alundum depending on particular forms or apppcations. It occurs naturally in its crystalpne polymorphic phase α-Al2O3 as the mineral corundum, varieties of which form the precious gemstones ruby and sapphire.
Market Analysis and Insights: Global Aluminum Oxide Market
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global Aluminum Oxide market size is estimated to be worth USD 161.3 milpon in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 208.6 milpon by 2031 with a CAGR of 4.4% during the forecast period 2022-2031. Fully considering the economic change by this health crisis, Powder accounting for % of the Aluminum Oxide global market in 2021, is projected to value USD milpon by 2031, growing at a revised % CAGR from 2022 to 2031. While Pharmaceutical Industry segment is altered to an % CAGR throughout this forecast period.
Asia Pacific was holding a major aluminum oxide market followed by North America. Huge demand from growing pharmaceutical industries in countries such as India and China is expected to uppft the Asia Pacific aluminum oxide market over the forecast period. Increase in aluminum oxide demand from ceramic industry is expected to propel the market in North America over the forecast period.
3. What are your main data sources? Both Primary and Secondary data sources are being used while compiling the report. Primary sources include extensive interviews of key opinion leaders and industry experts (such as experienced front-line staff, directors, CEOs, and marketing executives), downstream distributors, as well as end-users.Secondary sources include the research of the annual and financial reports of the top companies, public files, new journals, etc. We also cooperate with some third-party databases.
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historical data and forecast (2017-2031) of the following regions are covered in Chapters
What are the key regions in the global Aluminum Oxide market?
This Aluminum Oxide Market Research/Analysis Report Contains Answers to your following Questions
Customization of the Report
4. Can I modify the scope of the report and customize it to suit my requirements? Yes. Customized requirements of multi-dimensional, deep-level and high-quality can help our customers precisely grasp market opportunities, effortlessly confront market challenges, properly formulate market strategies and act promptly, thus to win them sufficient time and space for market competition.
Inquire more and share questions if any before the purchase on this report at -https://www.precisionreports.co/enquiry/pre-order-enquiry/21298578
Detailed TOC of Global Aluminum Oxide Market Insights and Forecast to 2031
1 Aluminum Oxide Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Aluminum Oxide 1.2 Aluminum Oxide Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global Aluminum Oxide Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2022 VS 2031 1.2.2 Powder 1.2.3 Pellets 1.2.4 Pieces 1.3 Aluminum Oxide Segment by Application 1.3.1 Global Aluminum Oxide Consumption Comparison by Application: 2022 VS 2031 1.3.2 Pharmaceutical Industry 1.3.3 Ceramic Industry 1.3.4 Industrial Manufacturing Processes 1.3.5 Medical 1.3.6 Others 1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects 1.4.1 Global Aluminum Oxide Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2031) 1.4.2 Global Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2031) 1.4.3 Global Aluminum Oxide Production Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2031) 1.5 Global Market Size by Region 1.5.1 Global Aluminum Oxide Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2031 1.5.2 North America Aluminum Oxide Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2031) 1.5.3 Europe Aluminum Oxide Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2031) 1.5.4 China Aluminum Oxide Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2031) 1.5.5 Japan Aluminum Oxide Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2031) 2 Market Competition by Manufacturers 2.1 Global Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 2.2 Global Aluminum Oxide Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 2.3 Aluminum Oxide Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) 2.4 Global Aluminum Oxide Average Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 2.5 Manufacturers Aluminum Oxide Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types 2.6 Aluminum Oxide Market Competitive Situation and Trends 2.6.1 Aluminum Oxide Market Concentration Rate 2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Aluminum Oxide Players Market Share by Revenue 2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 3 Production Capacity by Region 3.1 Global Production Capacity of Aluminum Oxide Market Share by Region (2017-2022) 3.2 Global Aluminum Oxide Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022) 3.3 Global Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 3.4 North America Aluminum Oxide Production 3.4.1 North America Aluminum Oxide Production Growth Rate (2017-2022) 3.4.2 North America Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 3.5 Europe Aluminum Oxide Production 3.5.1 Europe Aluminum Oxide Production Growth Rate (2017-2022) 3.5.2 Europe Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 3.6 China Aluminum Oxide Production 3.6.1 China Aluminum Oxide Production Growth Rate (2017-2022) 3.6.2 China Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 3.7 Japan Aluminum Oxide Production 3.7.1 Japan Aluminum Oxide Production Growth Rate (2017-2022) 3.7.2 Japan Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 4 Global Aluminum Oxide Consumption by Region 4.1 Global Aluminum Oxide Consumption by Region 4.1.1 Global Aluminum Oxide Consumption by Region 4.1.2 Global Aluminum Oxide Consumption Market Share by Region 4.2 North America 4.2.1 North America Aluminum Oxide Consumption by Country 4.2.2 U.S. 4.2.3 Canada 4.3 Europe 4.3.1 Europe Aluminum Oxide Consumption by Country 4.3.2 Germany 4.3.3 France 4.3.4 U.K. 4.3.5 Italy 4.3.6 Russia 4.4 Asia Pacific 4.4.1 Asia Pacific Aluminum Oxide Consumption by Region 4.4.2 China 4.4.3 Japan 4.4.4 South Korea 4.4.5 China Taiwan 4.4.6 Southeast Asia 4.4.7 India 4.4.8 Australia 4.5 Latin America 4.5.1 Latin America Aluminum Oxide Consumption by Country 4.5.2 Mexico 4.5.3 Brazil 5 Segment by Type 5.1 Global Aluminum Oxide Production Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 5.2 Global Aluminum Oxide Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 5.3 Global Aluminum Oxide Price by Type (2017-2022) 6 Segment by Application 6.1 Global Aluminum Oxide Production Market Share by Application (2017-2022) 6.2 Global Aluminum Oxide Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022) 6.3 Global Aluminum Oxide Price by Application (2017-2022) 7 Key Companies Profiled 7.1 Sherwin 7.1.1 Sherwin Aluminum Oxide Corporation Information 7.1.2 Sherwin Aluminum Oxide Product Portfolio 7.1.3 Sherwin Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.1.4 Sherwin Main Business and Markets Served 7.1.5 Sherwin Recent Developments/Updates 7.2 Outotec 7.2.1 Outotec Aluminum Oxide Corporation Information 7.2.2 Outotec Aluminum Oxide Product Portfolio 7.2.3 Outotec Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.2.4 Outotec Main Business and Markets Served 7.2.5 Outotec Recent Developments/Updates 7.3 CeramTec 7.3.1 CeramTec Aluminum Oxide Corporation Information 7.3.2 CeramTec Aluminum Oxide Product Portfolio 7.3.3 CeramTec Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.3.4 CeramTec Main Business and Markets Served 7.3.5 CeramTec Recent Developments/Updates 7.4 Spectrum Chemcial 7.4.1 Spectrum Chemcial Aluminum Oxide Corporation Information 7.4.2 Spectrum Chemcial Aluminum Oxide Product Portfolio 7.4.3 Spectrum Chemcial Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.4.4 Spectrum Chemcial Main Business and Markets Served 7.4.5 Spectrum Chemcial Recent Developments/Updates 7.5 CoorsTek Ceramics 7.5.1 CoorsTek Ceramics Aluminum Oxide Corporation Information 7.5.2 CoorsTek Ceramics Aluminum Oxide Product Portfolio 7.5.3 CoorsTek Ceramics Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.5.4 CoorsTek Ceramics Main Business and Markets Served 7.5.5 CoorsTek Ceramics Recent Developments/Updates 7.6 Alcoa Corporation 7.6.1 Alcoa Corporation Aluminum Oxide Corporation Information 7.6.2 Alcoa Corporation Aluminum Oxide Product Portfolio 7.6.3 Alcoa Corporation Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.6.4 Alcoa Corporation Main Business and Markets Served 7.6.5 Alcoa Corporation Recent Developments/Updates 7.7 Khambhalay Abrasive 7.7.1 Khambhalay Abrasive Aluminum Oxide Corporation Information 7.7.2 Khambhalay Abrasive Aluminum Oxide Product Portfolio 7.7.3 Khambhalay Abrasive Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.7.4 Khambhalay Abrasive Main Business and Markets Served 7.7.5 Khambhalay Abrasive Recent Developments/Updates 7.8 Tirupati Industries 7.8.1 Tirupati Industries Aluminum Oxide Corporation Information 7.8.2 Tirupati Industries Aluminum Oxide Product Portfolio 7.8.3 Tirupati Industries Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.8.4 Tirupati Industries Main Business and Markets Served 7.7.5 Tirupati Industries Recent Developments/Updates 7.9 BAIKOWSKI 7.9.1 BAIKOWSKI Aluminum Oxide Corporation Information 7.9.2 BAIKOWSKI Aluminum Oxide Product Portfolio 7.9.3 BAIKOWSKI Aluminum Oxide Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.9.4 BAIKOWSKI Main Business and Markets Served 7.9.5 BAIKOWSKI Recent Developments/Updates 8 Aluminum Oxide Manufacturing Cost Analysis 8.1 Aluminum Oxide Key Raw Materials Analysis 8.1.1 Key Raw Materials 8.1.2 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure 8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Aluminum Oxide 8.4 Aluminum Oxide Industrial Chain Analysis 9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers 9.1 Marketing Channel 9.2 Aluminum Oxide Distributors List 9.3 Aluminum Oxide Customers 10 Market Dynamics 10.1 Aluminum Oxide Industry Trends 10.2 Aluminum Oxide Market Drivers 10.3 Aluminum Oxide Market Challenges 10.4 Aluminum Oxide Market Restraints 11 Production and Supply Forecast 11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Aluminum Oxide by Region (2024-2031) 11.2 North America Aluminum Oxide Production, Revenue Forecast (2024-2031) 11.3 Europe Aluminum Oxide Production, Revenue Forecast (2024-2031) 11.4 China Aluminum Oxide Production, Revenue Forecast (2024-2031) 11.5 Japan Aluminum Oxide Production, Revenue Forecast (2024-2031) 12 Consumption and Demand Forecast 12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Aluminum Oxide 12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Aluminum Oxide by Country 12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Aluminum Oxide by Country 12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Aluminum Oxide by Region 12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Aluminum Oxide by Country 13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2024-2031) 13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2024-2031) 13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Aluminum Oxide by Type (2024-2031) 13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Aluminum Oxide by Type (2024-2031) 13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Aluminum Oxide by Type (2024-2031) 13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Aluminum Oxide by Application (2024-2031) 13.2.1 Global Forecasted Production of Aluminum Oxide by Application (2024-2031) 13.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Aluminum Oxide by Application (2024-2031) 13.2.3 Global Forecasted Price of Aluminum Oxide by Application (2024-2031) 14 Research Finding and Conclusion 15 Methodology and Data Source 15.1 Methodology/Research Approach 15.1.1 Research Programs/Design 15.1.2 Market Size Estimation 15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 15.2 Data Source 15.2.1 Secondary Sources 15.2.2 Primary Sources 15.3 Author List 15.4 Disclaimer
Purchase this report (Price 2900 USD for a single-user license) -https://www.precisionreports.co/purchase/21298578
About Us:
Precision Reports is the credible source for gaining the market reports that will provide you with the lead your business needs. At Precision Reports, our objective is providing a platform for many top-notch market research firms worldwide to publish their research reports, as well as helping the decision makers in finding most suitable market research solutions under one roof. Our aim is to provide the best solution that matches the exact customer requirements. This drives us to provide you with custom or syndicated research reports.
For more glass beads for decorationinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.