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OSHA requires every worker to wear head protection if at least one of the following conditions are met at a worksite:
Head protection varies for different jobs. Some are more specialized and rated better for particular jobs than others. ANSI rates helmets and hard hats by protection level and features. Types and classes of hard hats make it easier for you to find what you’re looking for—and we’ve broken it down to the basics.
These helmets and hard hats reduce the force of impact from a blow to the top of the head only—think of a tool falling from a higher level at a construction site.
These helmets and hard hats reduce the force of impact from a blow to the top or sides of the head. In addition to falling tools, consider exposed pipes, side beams, or other hazards.
These helmets and hard hats are not intended to protect against contact with electrical hazards. However, they may include venting and other options not available in helmets or hard hats that provide electrical protection.
These helmets and hard hats are intended to reduce the danger of contact with low-voltage conductors and electrical hazards to the head only—they’re proof-tested at 2,200 volts.
These helmets and hard hats are intended to reduce the danger of contact with higher voltage conductors and hazards to the head only—they’re proof-tested at 20,000 volts.
Regardless of what type and class of helmet you need for the job, remember to get one that fits your hazards and your employee’s heads—look for chin straps and adjustable headbands for a secure fit. If high visibility is a priority, reflective striping or lights can be added for nighttime or extreme weather. Full brims are good for bright days and airflow vents for hot ones.
Always pay attention to the labels and manufacturer guidelines for the care, keeping, and disposal of your helmets and hard hats!
PK Safety has been your workplace safety partner for decades. Contact us online or by phone at 800-829-9580 with your questions about hard hats or safety workwear!
In industries such as construction, manufacturing, and mining, hard hats are essential for protecting workers from falling objects and head injuries. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) sets standards for the design, testing, and performance of personal protective equipment, including hard hats. Understanding the ANSI classification system is crucial for selecting the appropriate hard hat for your job. ANSI has classified hard hats into two types (Type I and Type II) and three classes (Class G, Class E, and Class C) based on their protective properties.
This guide will provide a comprehensive overview of the ANSI types and classes of hard hats, as well as their respective color codes, how to choose the right hard hat for the job, and answers to frequently asked questions.
ANSI classifies hard hats into two types: Type 1 and Type 2. Each type is designed to provide specific levels of protection for workers, depending on the hazards present in their job environment. Below are brief explanations of each type and examples of occupations that require each type:
Type 1 hard hats are designed to provide protection from impacts to the top of the head. They have a brim that extends over the forehead, providing protection from falling objects and debris. These hard hats are commonly used in industries such as construction, forestry, and mining. Some examples of occupations that require Type 1 hard hats include construction workers, electricians, and welders.
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Type 2 hard hats are designed to provide protection from both impacts to the top of the head and from impacts to the sides of the head. They have a larger brim that extends over the forehead and the sides of the head, providing additional protection from lateral impacts. These hard hats are commonly used in industries such as oil and gas, utilities, and transportation. Occupations that require Type 2 hard hats include tower climbers, heavy equipment operators, and those working in confined spaces.
It's important to note that not all jobs within the mentioned industries where each type of hard hat is used require the same level of protection. Employers should assess the specific hazards present in their workplace and determine the appropriate level of protection needed for their employees.
In addition to the two types, ANSI also classifies hard hats into three classes: Class G, Class E, and Class C. Each class is designed to provide a different level of protection based on their intended use. Understanding these classifications is crucial in selecting the appropriate hard hat for a specific work environment. Here are the four classes of hard hats defined by ANSI:
This class provides protection against impacts and penetration by falling objects and is suitable for most construction and industrial applications. They provide protection up to 2,200 volts of electrical current. This type of hard hat is suitable for construction workers, miners, and other workers in industrial settings.
This class is designed to protect workers from electrical hazards up to 20,000 volts. It provides impact and penetration protection, but with a higher level of electrical insulation than Class G hard hats. This type is used in electrical and utility work. This type of hard hat is essential for electricians, power line workers, and other professionals who work with high-voltage electrical systems.
This class does not provide electrical protection but is designed for use in environments where there are no electrical hazards. It provides only impact and penetration protection and is commonly used in manufacturing and construction sites where there is no risk of electrical contact. This type of hard hat is commonly used by welders, painters, and workers in areas without electrical hazards.
Hard Hat Color Codes play a crucial role in identifying the type of hard hat and its use. ANSI specifies the color codes for hard hats in its Z89.1-2014 standard. Here are some details about hard hat color codes:
Exceptions to the Color Code System
Some companies may use a color code system that differs from the ANSI standard. These color codes are specific to the company or industry and are not standardized. Therefore, it is crucial to check the company policy or inquire about the color codes used in a particular industry before making assumptions based on the ANSI standard.
Choosing the Right Hard Hat for the Job is an important consideration to ensure proper protection from head injuries. Here are some key factors to keep in mind:
Tips for Properly Fitting and Adjusting a Hard Hat
Importance of Maintaining and Replacing Hard Hats
By taking these factors into consideration, individuals can choose the appropriate hard hat for the job and ensure maximum protection from head injuries.
1. Are all hard hats required to have a chin strap?
No, not all hard hats are required to have a chin strap. However, if a hard hat is designed to have a chin strap, it must be worn according to the manufacturer's instructions and OSHA regulations. The chin strap helps to ensure that the hard hat stays in place and provides maximum protection to the wearer.
2. How often should hard hats be replaced?
It is recommended that hard hats be replaced every five years from the date of manufacture, or sooner if they show signs of wear or damage. If a hard hat is subjected to a heavy blow, even if there is no visible damage, it should be replaced immediately.
3. Can I customize my hard hat with stickers or paint?
While it may be tempting to personalize your hard hat with stickers or paint, it is important to note that any modifications to the hard hat can affect its ability to protect you in the event of an impact. Additionally, some adhesives or paints may weaken the integrity of the hard hat's shell. If you need to identify your hard hat, it is best to use a label or tag that does not damage the hard hat or interfere with its performance.
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