Inconel Alloy 625 (UNS designation N) is a nickel-based superalloy that possesses high strength properties and resistance to elevated temperatures. It also demonstrates remarkable protection against corrosion and oxidation. Its ability to withstand high stress and a wide range of temperatures, both in and out of water, as well as being able to resist corrosion while being exposed to highly acidic environments makes it a fitting choice for nuclear and marine applications.[1][2][3]
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Inconel 625 was developed in the s with the purpose of creating a material that could be used for steam-line piping. Some modifications were made to its original composition that have enabled it to be even more creep-resistant and weldable. Because of this, the uses of Inconel 625 have expanded into a wide range of industries such as the chemical processing industry, and for marine and nuclear applications to make pumps and valves and other high pressure equipment.[4][1]
Because of the metal's high Niobium (Nb) levels as well as its exposure to harsh environments and high temperatures, there was concern about the weldability of Inconel 625. Studies were therefore conducted to test the metal's weldability, tensile strength and creep resistance, and Inconel 625 was found to be an ideal choice for welding.[3] Other well known names for Inconel 625 are Haynes 625, Nickelvac 625, Nicrofer , Altemp 625 and Chronic 625
Inconel 625 was designed as a solid solution strengthened material with no significant microstructure. This holds true at low and high temperatures, but there is a region (923 to K) where precipitates form that are detrimental to the creep properties, and thus the strength, of the alloy. Under any creep conditions (high temperature with an applied stress), M23C6-type carbides form at the grain boundaries. When tested at 973 K, γ&#; precipitates begin forming. These γ&#; phase precipitates are ordered A3 B type with a composition of Ni3(Nb, Al, Ti) and a tetragonal crystal structure. They form a disk-shaped morphology and are coherent with respect to the matrix. When tested at 998 K, a δ-phase precipitate begins forming which consist of Ni3(Nb, Mo) in an orthorhombic crystal structure. They form in a needle-like morphology and are incoherent with the matrix. Both of these precipitates can be completely dissolved back into the matrix when the sample is heated to K for 5 hours. This leads to the ability to recover creep properties of the alloy to prolong the materials lifetime.[5]
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) for various products made out of Inconel 625 are as follow:
Pipe Seamless Pipe Welded Tube Seamless Tube Welded Sheet/Plate Bar Forging Fitting Wire B444[6] B705[7] B444[6] B704[8] B443[9] B446[10] &#; &#; &#;Markets for Inconel 625 include:
Product and technology applications of Inconel 625 include:[11]
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Specifications and certifications include:[12]
Alloy 625 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy that is used for its high strength, high toughness and excellent corrosion resistance. The strength of alloy 625 is derived from the stiffening effect of molybdenum and niobium on its nickel-chromium matrix. Although the alloy was developed for high temperature strength, its highly alloyed composition also provides a significant level of general corrosion resistance.
Alloy 625 is used in a variety of industries, including automotive, marine, aerospace, oil and gas, chemical processing and nuclear. Typical end use applications include heat exchangers, bellows, expansion joints, exhaust systems, fasteners, quick connect fittings and many other applications requiring strength and resistance against aggressive corrosive environments.
Alloy 625 has good resistance to oxidation and scaling at high temperatures. At °F, scaling resistance becomes a significant factor in service. It is superior to many other high temperature alloys under cyclic heating and cooling conditions. The combination of the alloyed elements in alloy 625 enables it to withstand a wide variety of severe corrosive environments. There is almost no attack in mild environments, such as fresh and seawater, neutral pH environments, and alkaline media. The chromium content of this alloy results in superior resistance to oxidizing environments. The high molybdenum content makes alloy 625 very resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion.
Alloy 625 can be formed using various cold and hot working processes. Alloy 625 resists deformation at hot working temperatures, therefore higher loads are required to form the material. Hot forming should be performed within a temperature range of ° to °F. During cold working, the material work hardens more rapidly than traditional austenitic stainless steels. Alloy 625 has three heat treatments: 1) solution annealing at /°F and air quench or quicker, 2) annealing /°F and air quenching or quicker and 3) stress relieving at /°F and air quenching. Solution annealed (grade 2) material is commonly used for applications above °F where resistance to creep is important. Soft-annealed material (grade 1) is commonly used for lower temperatures and has the optimum combination of tensile and rupture properties.
INCONEL® alloy 625
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