When it comes to your hydraulic equipment, it&#;s important to make sure you&#;re using the right hoses. Each use case is different, requiring different specifications for size and diameter, fluid type, temperature, and other considerations like flexibility.
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As you assemble or repair your equipment, ensuring that you follow hydraulic hose standards is a vital part of keeping your hydraulic machinery working safely.
Depending on where you are, there are several different national and international hydraulic hose standards with varying measurements, tolerances, and parameters.
For example, the European Norm/Standard (EN) and the International Standards Organization (ISO) both set their hydraulic hose standards, which differ from each other.
In North America, the typical hydraulic hose standards are set by the Society of Automotive Engineers or SAE. This organization provides a series of hydraulic hose standards in the 100R series, defined under SAE Standard J517.
The 100R series hydraulic hose standards differentiate the hoses based on their construction and ideal usage conditions, including temperature, pressure, and fluid type. Before we get into the specifics of each hose, let&#;s take a moment to go over the different parts of a hydraulic hose.
While the specific parameters of every hose are different, they generally define three key aspects of the hose: the tube, the strengthening or reinforcement, and the outer, protective cover.
The tube that runs along the inside of a hydraulic hose is responsible for actually transporting hydraulic fluid. For that reason, it has to be able to withstand constant contact with hydraulic fluid, including both biodegradable and petroleum-based fluids.
Because the hose is the part that comes into contact with the fluid, it also needs to withstand other factors, including extremes in temperature, corrosion, and tension.
While the tube is the part that houses hydraulic fluid, the reinforcement is there to strengthen the line, protecting it from any spikes in pressure that may occur. The higher the pressure in the tube, the more support you&#;ll want to prevent it from bursting or leaking.
Hydraulic hoses come with either textile or steel reinforcement. Textile reinforcement is a woven fabric designed for low-pressure usages, while steel reinforced hoses have either a braided cover around the hose or individual courses of wire wrapped around the tube.
Wire wraps always come in even-numbered layers, with each successive layer wrapped in the opposite direction of the previous layer.
The protective outer layer is known as the cover, and this is the first layer of protection from exterior damage. Usually made from synthetic rubber or textile braiding, the cover helps prevent abrasion and corrosion damage and can provide insulation to prevent the tube from being damaged by external heat, cold, or UV damage.
When choosing the right hydraulic hose, you should first pay attention to any documentation with your equipment. These should specify which hoses are appropriate for your equipment and your particular usage.
However, the documentation may not have all of the information you need; you may be adapting the equipment to a new use or simply have to address a change in conditions. In that case, this guide will help you determine which hose is right for you.
As you choose a hose, you should know the specifics of your situation, including your maximum pressure, normal and extreme operating temperatures, and the nature of your application, such as if your hoses will be used in a vehicle or as part of a permanent installation.
Under each number, you&#;ll find information about the reinforcement, as well as the diameter range, the maximum operating pressure (in psi), and the minimum bend radius.
Unless otherwise noted, all hoses contain a tube compatible with both petroleum- and water-based hydraulic fluids, a rubber cover designed to resist oil and weather exposure, and are suited to operate between -40° and 100°C.
SAE 100R1
Reinforcement: Single braid steel.
Diameter Range: 3/16&#; to 2&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 575 to 3,250 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 3.5&#; to 25&#;
Usage: General use high-pressure hydraulic hose.
SAE 100R2
Reinforcement: Two braids steel.
Diameter Range: 3/16&#; to 2&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 1,150 to 6,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 3.5&#; to 25&#;
Usage: Good for outdoor uses like construction and mining, as well as on mobile equipment.
SAE 100R3
Reinforcement: Two braids textile.
Diameter Range: 3/16&#; to 1-1/4&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 375 to 1,500 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 3&#; to 10&#;
Usage: General use as a low-pressure hydraulic hose, including antifreeze and hydraulic oil.
SAE 100R4
Reinforcement: Single or more braid textile with spiral wire.
Diameter Range: 3/4&#; to 4&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 35 to 300 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 5&#; to 24&#;
Usage: Typically used as suction and return hoses for hydraulic systems.
SAE 100R5
Reinforcement: Two braids textile with steel braid between. Braids have mildew-resistant compounds to resist wear.
Diameter Range: 3/16&#; to 3-1/16&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 35 to 300 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 3&#; to 33&#;
Usage: Meant for medium-pressure applications, used in many automotive situations, including air brakes and power steering systems.
SAE 100R6
Reinforcement: Single braid or spiral textile.
Diameter Range: 3/16&#; to 3/4&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 300 to 500 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 2&#; to 6&#;
Usage: General use as a low-pressure hydraulic hose.
SAE 100R7
Tube: Thermoplastic.
Temperature: -40° to 93°C
Cover: Thermoplastic.
Reinforcement: Synthetic fiber.
Diameter Range: 1/8&#; to 1&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 1,000 to 3,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 1&#; to 12&#;
Usage: Medium-pressure, non-conductive settings where steel reinforcement is not allowed.
SAE 100R8
Tube: Thermoplastic.
Temperature: -40° to 93°C
Cover: Thermoplastic.
Reinforcement: Synthetic fiber.
Diameter Range: 1/8&#; to 1&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 2,000 to 6,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 1&#; to 12&#;
Usage: High-pressure, non-conductive settings where steel reinforcement is not allowed.
SAE 100R12
Temperature: -40° to 121°C
Reinforcement: Four steel wire spirals.
Diameter Range: 3/8&#; to 2&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 2,500 to 4,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 5&#; to 25&#;
Usage: High-pressure applications in heavy-duty service settings.
SAE 100R13
Temperature: -40° to 121°C
Reinforcement: Multiple steel wire spirals.
Diameter Range: 3/4&#; to 2&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 5,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 9.5&#; to 25&#;
Usage: High-pressure applications, where there is a high likelihood of pressure spikes, like forklifts or construction machinery.
SAE 100R14
Tube: PTFE (Type B hose has conductive inner layer)
Temperature: -54° to 204°C
Reinforcement: Single braid steel.
Diameter Range: 3/16&#; to 1-1/4&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 600 to 1,500 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 1-1/2&#; to 16&#;
Usage: High-pressure applications handling superheated fluids.
SAE 100R15
Temperature: -40° to 121°C
Reinforcement: Multiple steel wire spirals.
Diameter Range: 3/8&#; to 1-1/2&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 6,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 6&#; to 21&#;
Usage: For petroleum-based fluids only. High-pressure applications with steady working pressure, including logging, agriculture, and oilfield equipment.
SAE 100R16
Reinforcement: One or two braids steel.
Diameter Range: 1/4&#; to 1-1/4&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 1,800 to 5,800 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 2&#; to 8&#;
Usage: High-pressure applications, where hose needs to be especially flexible.
SAE 100R17
Reinforcement: One or two braids steel.
Diameter Range: 3/16&#; to 1&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 3,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 2&#; to 6&#;
Usage: High-pressure applications, rated for general industrial purposes.
SAE 100R18
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Tube: Thermoplastic.
Temperature: -40° to 93°C
Cover: Thermoplastic.
Reinforcement: Synthetic fiber
Diameter Range: 1/8&#; to 1&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 3,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 1&#; to 10&#;
Usage: High-pressure applications where non-conductive tubes are required.
SAE 100R19
Reinforcement: One or two braids steel.
Diameter Range: 3/16&#; to 1&#;
Max. Operating Pressure: 4,000 psi
Min. Bend Radius: 2&#; to 6&#;
Usage: High-pressure applications, rated for general industrial purposes.
While these SAE hydraulic hose standards are widely accepted and used by the industry, SAE does not certify that a product meets them. Ensure that you&#;re purchasing your hydraulic hoses from a reputable vendor to ensure you&#;re getting high-quality merchandise that meets the hydraulic hose standards.
You&#;ll also find that many manufacturers offer products that exceed the SAE hydraulic hose standards, giving you more flexibility when using them in your particular applications. Some hoses have higher temperature or pressure ratings, or they have a tighter bend radius.
Hydraulic systems play a role in the safety and performance of machines in everyday life, from the brakes of a car to the landing gear of an airplane or the cabin of a boat.
Since it is a science that involves pressurized fluids, the components involved need to be strong and reliable to operate effectively and safely. International standards define the requirements for hydraulic systems (fittings and hydraulic hoses) to meet this requirement.
You may have seen a combination of letters in a parts list, SAE being the most common, and wondered, &#;What does SAE stand for in hydraulic fittings and hoses?&#; Let&#;s take a look at SAE and the role it plays in hydraulic standards.
Founded in , the Society of Automotive Engineers (now SAE International) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing mobility for the benefit of society.
Its membership includes more than 133,000 engineers and related experts who develop technical information for a wide range of vehicles.
One of SAE&#;s jobs is to develop voluntary global standards for the components used in these vehicles. This includes hydraulic fittingsand the hoses, pipes, and tubes that connect to them.
SAE hose fittings are hydraulic connectors designed to standards set by SAE, which govern their dimensions, materials, and performance standards. These hose fittings facilitate secure connections between hydraulic components, ensuring efficient fluid transfer and system functionality.
SAE has more than 10,000 members in technical committees who develop standards used by industries around the world. These standards define hose fittings construction, pressure ratings, and dimensions, among other things.
Standards make it easier and less expensive to replace hydraulic hose fittings by maintaining dimensional consistency. They also ensure that these hose fittings will work within the pressure ranges for which they were designed in the hydraulic system.
The evolution of SAE hydraulic fitting and hoses standards dates back decades and has evolved with technological advances and industry needs. Originally developed to standardize hose fittings dimensions and performance, SAE standards have been continually adapted to incorporate innovations in materials, sealing technology, and manufacturing processes. This evolution reflects an ongoing effort to improve the reliability, compatibility, and safety of fittings in a variety of hydraulic applications
SAE hose fittings offer several key features and benefits that differentiate them from other types of fittings:
Interchangeability: SAE hose fittings are designed to be interchangeable between various hydraulic systems and equipment brands, allowing for easy maintenance and component replacement.
Sealing Mechanisms: They feature reliable sealing mechanisms such as flare connections, O-ring seals, and face seals to ensure leak-free performance under high pressure conditions.
Durability: Made from rugged materials such as stainless steel, brass, or aluminum, SAE hose fittings resist corrosion, wear, and mechanical stress, resulting in increased service life and operational reliability.
Standardization: Adherence to SAE standards ensures uniformity in fitting sizes, thread types, and performance specifications, promoting compatibility and reducing assembly errors.
SAE hose fittings are widely adopted in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing, highlighting their reliability and performance in critical hydraulic applications. Their standardized design and engineering precision contribute to efficient fluid power management, operational safety, and overall system integrity.
Connectors and ports are used extensively in hydraulic systems, so when performing repairs or maintenance, you need to ensure that you are using the correct ones. Labels such as SAE J512 are classifiers of the main thread features: pitch, diameter, angle, and form. If you&#;re unsure about a part, you&#;ll need a caliper and pitch gauge to measure it.
You&#;ll find two main sets of hose fittings standards &#; SAE J514 for hose and SAE J516 for hose. Here are some of the most common SAE fittings you might encounter during repairs.
This standard covers 37-degree flare and flareless type O-ring plugs and hydraulic fittings, as well as the fittings and adapter fittings used with them. These products are generally used in systems for commercial products and industrial machines.
These standards allow fittings to provide leak-proof, full-flow connections at operating pressures.
This standard covers the most common hose fittings used with hydraulic hoses in mobile and stationary equipment systems.
The types of hose fittings covered here include O-ring face seal, flareless 24-degree cone, four-bolt flange, straight thread O-ring, 37-degree flare, and dry seal hose threads.
SAE 45 degree fittings are a special type of hydraulic fitting designed to facilitate fluid connections at a 45 degree angle. SAE 45 degree fittings feature a tapered seating surface and a 45 degree flare angle. This design ensures a secure connection between the fitting and the hose, which is typically compressed against the fitting body using a flare nut. The flare angle ensures a metal-to-metal seal, enhances vibration resistance, and reduces the risk of leaks, which is critical in applications where hydraulic fluids are under pressure.
Each type of SAE fitting is tailored for a specific hydraulic application, offering unique benefits in terms of sealing efficiency, pressure resistance, and compatibility with hydraulic fluids. Engineers and designers select fittings based on operating pressure, temperature range, and environmental conditions to ensure optimal system performance and reliability. The standardized nature of SAE fittings enables interchangeability between different equipment and helps simplify procurement and maintenance processes.
SAE fittings are integral components in a wide range of applications across industries, leveraging their versatility, reliability, and standardized design to ensure efficient fluid power management and operational safety.
Hydraulic Machinery:
In hydraulic machinery, SAE fittings play a vital role in connecting hydraulic hoses, tubes, and components. They facilitate the transfer of pressurized hydraulic fluid, enabling precise control and power transmission for equipment such as excavators, loaders, and hydraulic presses.
Automotive Steering Systems:
SAE fittings are widely used in automotive steering systems to connect hydraulic lines that assist in steering control. These fittings ensure reliable transmission of hydraulic power from the steering pump to the steering pinion or rack, resulting in responsive and smooth vehicle maneuverability.
Marine Propulsion:
In marine applications, SAE fittings are used in hydraulic systems that power propulsion mechanisms, steering systems, and winches onboard vessels. These fittings withstand the corrosive effects of saltwater environments while maintaining a tight seal to prevent hydraulic fluid leaks. Their ability to withstand varying pressures and temperatures makes them ideal for offshore operations, ensuring reliable performance and operability of marine equipment in commercial shipping, offshore drilling, and naval applications.
Manufacturing:
SAE fittings support critical functions in the manufacturing process, where hydraulic systems operate machinery such as injection molding machines, CNC machining centers, and assembly lines. These accessories enable precise control of hydraulic actuators and tools, helping to increase efficiency and productivity in manufacturing operations.
Agricultural Equipment:
In the agricultural sector, SAE accessories are used in hydraulic systems that power equipment such as tractors, harvesters and irrigation systems. These accessories facilitate the operation of hydraulic cylinders, motors and valves, which are critical for tasks such as lifting, steering and controlling tools.
Hydraulic fittings series
R1, R2, R5, R16, R17 &#;ONE & TWO WIRE&#;
R5, R7, R8 &#;TEXTILE COVER & THERMOPLASTIC&#;
R12, 4SP, 4SH, R13 &#;FOUR & SIX WIRE&#;
R13, R15 &#;&#;SIX WIRE psi & psi&#;
Hydraulic hose series
SAE 100R1 &#;ONE WIRE&#;
SAE 100R2 &#;TWO WIRE&#;
SAE 100R16 &#;TWO WIRE&#;
SAE 100R17 &#;ONE WIRE&#;
SAE 100R4 &#;OIL SUCTION & RETURN&#;
SAE 100R7 &#;THERMOPLASTIC&#;
SAE 100R8 &#;HIGH PRESSURE THERMOPLASTIC&#;
SAE 100R12 &#;FLEXIBLE FOUR WIRE HOSE&#;
High-Pressure Four-Wire Hose
SAE 100R13 &#;psi SIX WIRE HOSE&#;
SAE 100R15 &#;psi SIX WIRE HOSE&#;
Selecting the right SAE fittings is critical to ensuring that hydraulic systems operate efficiently and reliably. The process involves a thorough evaluation of several key factors based on specific operating requirements and industry standards.
Factors to Consider
Pressure Rating: Evaluates the maximum operating pressure that the fitting will encounter in the hydraulic system. SAE fittings are rated for specific pressure ranges, and selecting a fitting with the appropriate pressure rating ensures safety and performance under operating conditions.
Temperature tolerance: Consider the temperature range in which the hydraulic system operates. SAE fittings are designed to withstand different temperatures, and choosing fittings that meet the system temperature requirements prevents problems such as material degradation or loss of sealing effectiveness in extreme temperature environments.
Compatibility with hydraulic fluids: Evaluate compatibility with the type of hydraulic fluid used in the system, including considering chemical compatibility and resistance to oil degradation. Different hydraulic fluids can have different characteristics, which can affect the material and sealing performance of SAE fittings, so compatibility is a key factor in ensuring long-term reliability.
Material selection: SAE fittings are available in a variety of materials, such as stainless steel, brass, and aluminum, each of which offers unique advantages in terms of strength, corrosion resistance, and compatibility with specific applications. Choosing materials that match environmental conditions and operating requirements can improve durability and performance.
Customization options: Learn about the customization options available from manufacturers to tailor fittings to specific application needs. Custom fittings may include changes in thread configurations, sizes, and sealing methods to optimize the fit and function of unique hydraulic systems.
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