Geotextiles are permeable fabrics, generally made from fibers of Polypropylene, Polyester, Polyamide, and Polyethylene. Properties of Geotextiles of each type are different as well as the uses of geotextiles. The common types of Geotextiles are woven or non-woven.
Geotextiles are permeable fabrics, generally made from fibers of Polypropylene, Polyester, Polyamide, and Polyethylene. Properties of Geotextiles of each type are different as well as the uses of geotextiles. The common types of Geotextiles are woven or non-woven.
Woven geotextiles have interlacing filaments or yarns in two perpendicular directions - the longitudinal (or warp) direction and the crosswise (or weft) direction. Woven geotextiles often have greater tensile strength in the warp direction than the weft. Whereas non-woven fabrics are formed by linking filaments using:
Geogrids are matrix-like materials made up mostly of longitudinal and transverse ribs. The aperture sizes are typically 10-200 mm in dimensions. The aperture size is designed large enough to allow larger particles to pass through the grid. This type of geosynthetic is mainly used for reinforcement.
The two main types of geogrids as per manufacturing process are:
Geomats are three-dimensional, net-like open structured geosynthetics. They are usually made of monofilament polymers such as HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene) and heat bonded at contact points. This type of geosynthetic is commonly used for re-vegetation and erosion control of the soil.
Geomembranes have very low permeability and are used to control fluid or gas migration. They are made from relatively thin, continuous polymer sheets or impregnated geotextiles. Several methods exist to create textured geomembranes with improved surface friction.
Geonets are grid-like materials designed for in-plane drainage capability. They are used with a geotextile or geomembrane on either side to prevent soil intrusion and are typically made of PE resin.
GeoNets - Bi-planar (left) and tri-planar (right) geonetsgeonetsGeocells are three-dimensional geosynthetics intended to provide physical soil confinement. The geocells are typically made of 100 mm wide and 1.2 mm thick HDPE strips welded at 300 mm intervals to form a cell like connected structure. These types are used for confinement and containment of materials.
GeoCells - Types of Geo Textiles
Geocomposites are made up of two or more materials stuck together. The common types are:
Geonet-geotextile composites are also of two types:
Warning!!!
The herein below-mentioned part of the standard CSN EN ISO 10318 is published by authority of the Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing. For the office's website - see www.cni.cz
A generic term specifying a product where at least one component is made from a synthetic or natural polymer forming a strip, belt or a 3-D structure, used where touching the ground or other materials during grading or other building works. (See EN ISO 10318)
Planar, permeable, polymeric (synthetic) or natural textile, either nonwoven, knitted, or woven, used where touching the ground or other materials during grading or other building works. (See EN ISO 10318)
A polymeric structure consisting of regular open network of integrally connected tensile elements bonded by needlepunching, agglutinating, or interlacing; the cells´ nominal area is larger than the components (see EN ISO 10318).
Planar textile with polymeric regular structure consisting of regular dense mesh; its component elements are tied by nibs or needlepunching; the cells´ apertures are much larger than the components (see EN ISO 10318). Geonet does not act as soil reinforcement.
A 3-D permeable structure made from polymeric mono-filaments or other elements (synthetic or natural), tied mechanically, chemically, or heatset, or interlaced some other way, used e.g. to prevent down-slope migration of soil particles during turfing, to retain roots or small plants during grading or building works (See EN ISO 10318).
EXAMPLES: A three-dimensional element manufactured by extrusion - heat injection of plastic (PP, HDPE, PA, PET) into a mold.
Geocell (cellular system) establishes a system of interlaced textured perforated or smooth belts. These belts are connected by ultrasound welding creating a honeycomb. The cellular system is made from high-density polyethylene HDPE, or polypropylene PP. This system is mostly applied to reinforce a low-bearing base (railroads, highways, dumping yards, etc.), stabilize surfaces of eroded slopes, reinforce stream banks and dikes, and erect retaining walls. For more information - see www.benda-trade.cz
A tape-shaped polymeric material, usually not wider than 200 mm, used where touching the ground or other material during grading or building works (EN ISO 10318).
A three-dimensional polymeric structure designed to form an air cavity in the ground and/or other materials during grading or building works (EN ISO 10318).
A factory-made composite consisting of geosynthetic materials and clayey materials with sealing (low filtration) capacity (e.g. bentonite) shaped in strips, used where touching the ground or other material during grading or building works (EN ISO 10318).
Factory-made very low-permeable material made as a synthetic, polymeric or asphalt (bitumen) plate used for grading and building in order to prevent the flow of a liquid and/or vapor through the structure (see EN ISO 10318).
Weaving
Making sheet textile from one or more systems of linear threads (warp ends) and one or more systems of lateral threads (filling picks), mutually cross-laced on the weaving loom.
Knitting
Making sheet textile from a thread molded in interlaced loops, sometimes using other lacing elements patterned in wales and loops.
Connecting
The process during which are linear or planar elements interlaced at nodal points by welding (laser, ultrasound, heat, etc.) or agglutinating.
Extruding
An extruded belt made from polyolefins is perforated and then, depending on the geogrid, stretched either mechanically or via a system of rolls increasing their rotation speed.
Mechanical reinforcing
Mechanical reinforcing of textile, e.g. by needlepunching, weaving, etc. and/or combination of both (this is not reinforcing by a splicing thread).
Thermal reinforcing
Reinforcing of textile by heat causing the fibers either fuse or contract at points of contact.
Chemical bondage
Reinforcing of textile by a binder creating a compact product by agglutinating or by dissolving some fibers.
Bar
A rib of either eased or square cross-section (e.g. a circle, ellipse, etc.).
Staple
A system of chemical or synthetic fibers of different length and section.
Endless fiber
A linear formation of varied section and chemical or synthetic origin; its length is not limited and is outside the specification of the term staple.
Thread
A textile product of significant length and relatively small section produced from staple or endless fibers, with or without a twist.
Yarn
A thread made from staple fibers, usually connected by a twist.
Fine tow
Linear textile made from endless fibers. Much thinner than a coarse tow, usually of 2,000 - 10,000 dtex linear weight.
Textile or cleaved belt
A flat endless linear formation cut from a textile foil or extruded in to a belt, with a high width/depth ratio, longitudinally cleaved.
Monofilament
A gimp of an unlimited length, without a twist, materially homogenous, its micro-dimensions usually over 0.1 mm.
Plastomer
A macromolecular substance softening and becoming thermoplastic when subjected to heat; solidifying when cooled.
Thermoplastic resin
A plastic material, softening and becoming thermoplastic when subjected to heat, solidifying when cooled.
Thermosetting resin
A plastic material, becoming permanently hard and rigid when heated or cured.
Elastomer
A macromolecular substance swiftly resuming its original shape from which it was formed using slight tensioning (natural and synthetic elastic resin).
Foil
A flat shape of constant depth made by extruding.
Asphalt
Solid bitumen obtained from native deposits or as a petroleum byproduct.
Geogrids belong among geosynthetic materials maintaining the reinforcing function in the ground structure. In professional practice, we may encounter different types of products of this category varying in the production technology, character of the rib, or type of polymer.
Technical specification:
Geogrids consist of the sheet polymeric structure namely of a system of mostly perpendicular tensile longitudinal and lateral ribs that may be continuously mutually connected at the intersection (Figure #3), welding, gluing (Figure #4) and/or interlacing (Figure #1 and 2); this way are usually established openings 10 - 100 mm large allowing soil/rock particles or other geotechnical materials get through the geogrid's apertures. Geogrids are divided in single-axial and bi-axial:
By their structure geonets resemble geogrids. However, contrary to geogrids, they do not feature equivalent strength properties and thus, in the construction industry, they are used mainly for drainage of liquids or exhaustion of gases. So, their main function is drainage and combined with geotextile they often form a geocomposite.
Technical specification:
In most cases, ribs of geonets, contrary to geogrids, intersect at different than right angles and they are intended for drainage of liquids or exhaustion of gases. Geonets may be divided as follows:
Geocell (cellular system) is a system of interconnected surface textured perforated or smooth strips. These strips are connected by an ultrasound weld in order to form a honeycomb pattern. The cellular system is made from a high-density polyethylene HDPE, or polypropylene PP. This system is mostly applied to reinforce a low-bearing base (railroads, highways, dumping yards, etc.), stabilize surfaces of eroded slopes, reinforce stream banks and dikes, and erect retaining walls. For more information - see www.benda-trade.cz
Woven geotextiles have interlacing filaments or yarns in two perpendicular directions - the longitudinal (or warp) direction and the crosswise (or weft) direction. Woven geotextiles often have greater tensile strength in the warp direction than the weft. Whereas non-woven fabrics are formed by linking filaments using:
Geogrids are matrix-like materials made up mostly of longitudinal and transverse ribs. The aperture sizes are typically 10-200 mm in dimensions. The aperture size is designed large enough to allow larger particles to pass through the grid. This type of geosynthetic is mainly used for reinforcement.
The two main types of geogrids as per manufacturing process are:
Geomats are three-dimensional, net-like open structured geosynthetics. They are usually made of monofilament polymers such as HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene) and heat bonded at contact points. This type of geosynthetic is commonly used for re-vegetation and erosion control of the soil.
Geomembranes have very low permeability and are used to control fluid or gas migration. They are made from relatively thin, continuous polymer sheets or impregnated geotextiles. Several methods exist to create textured geomembranes with improved surface friction.
Geonets are grid-like materials designed for in-plane drainage capability. They are used with a geotextile or geomembrane on either side to prevent soil intrusion and are typically made of PE resin.
GeoNets - Bi-planar (left) and tri-planar (right) geonetsGeocells are three-dimensional geosynthetics intended to provide physical soil confinement. The geocells are typically made of 100 mm wide and 1.2 mm thick HDPE strips welded at 300 mm intervals to form a cell like connected structure. These types are used for confinement and containment of materials.
GeoCells - Types of Geo Textiles
Geocomposites are made up of two or more materials stuck together. The common types are:
Geonet-geotextile composites are also of two types:
Warning!!!
The herein below-mentioned part of the standard CSN EN ISO 10318 is published by authority of the Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing. For the office's website - see www.cni.cz
A generic term specifying a product where at least one component is made from a synthetic or natural polymer forming a strip, belt or a 3-D structure, used where touching the ground or other materials during grading or other building works. (See EN ISO 10318)
Planar, permeable, polymeric (synthetic) or natural textile, either nonwoven, knitted, or woven, used where touching the ground or other materials during grading or other building works. (See EN ISO 10318)
A polymeric structure consisting of regular open network of integrally connected tensile elements bonded by needlepunching, agglutinating, or interlacing; the cells´ nominal area is larger than the components (see EN ISO 10318).
Planar textile with polymeric regular structure consisting of regular dense mesh; its component elements are tied by nibs or needlepunching; the cells´ apertures are much larger than the components (see EN ISO 10318). Geonet does not act as soil reinforcement.
A 3-D permeable structure made from polymeric mono-filaments or other elements (synthetic or natural), tied mechanically, chemically, or heatset, or interlaced some other way, used e.g. to prevent down-slope migration of soil particles during turfing, to retain roots or small plants during grading or building works (See EN ISO 10318).
EXAMPLES: A three-dimensional element manufactured by extrusion - heat injection of plastic (PP, HDPE, PA, PET) into a mold.
Geocell (cellular system) establishes a system of interlaced textured perforated or smooth belts. These belts are connected by ultrasound welding creating a honeycomb. The cellular system is made from high-density polyethylene HDPE, or polypropylene PP. This system is mostly applied to reinforce a low-bearing base (railroads, highways, dumping yards, etc.), stabilize surfaces of eroded slopes, reinforce stream banks and dikes, and erect retaining walls. For more information - see www.benda-trade.cz
A tape-shaped polymeric material, usually not wider than 200 mm, used where touching the ground or other material during grading or building works (EN ISO 10318).
If you want to learn more, please visit our website trp geomembranes supplier.
A three-dimensional polymeric structure designed to form an air cavity in the ground and/or other materials during grading or building works (EN ISO 10318).
A factory-made composite consisting of geosynthetic materials and clayey materials with sealing (low filtration) capacity (e.g. bentonite) shaped in strips, used where touching the ground or other material during grading or building works (EN ISO 10318).
Factory-made very low-permeable material made as a synthetic, polymeric or asphalt (bitumen) plate used for grading and building in order to prevent the flow of a liquid and/or vapor through the structure (see EN ISO 10318).
Weaving
Making sheet textile from one or more systems of linear threads (warp ends) and one or more systems of lateral threads (filling picks), mutually cross-laced on the weaving loom.
Knitting
Making sheet textile from a thread molded in interlaced loops, sometimes using other lacing elements patterned in wales and loops.
Connecting
The process during which are linear or planar elements interlaced at nodal points by welding (laser, ultrasound, heat, etc.) or agglutinating.
Extruding
An extruded belt made from polyolefins is perforated and then, depending on the geogrid, stretched either mechanically or via a system of rolls increasing their rotation speed.
Mechanical reinforcing
Mechanical reinforcing of textile, e.g. by needlepunching, weaving, etc. and/or combination of both (this is not reinforcing by a splicing thread).
Thermal reinforcing
Reinforcing of textile by heat causing the fibers either fuse or contract at points of contact.
Chemical bondage
Reinforcing of textile by a binder creating a compact product by agglutinating or by dissolving some fibers.
Bar
A rib of either eased or square cross-section (e.g. a circle, ellipse, etc.).
Staple
A system of chemical or synthetic fibers of different length and section.
Endless fiber
A linear formation of varied section and chemical or synthetic origin; its length is not limited and is outside the specification of the term staple.
Thread
A textile product of significant length and relatively small section produced from staple or endless fibers, with or without a twist.
Yarn
A thread made from staple fibers, usually connected by a twist.
Fine tow
Linear textile made from endless fibers. Much thinner than a coarse tow, usually of 2,000 - 10,000 dtex linear weight.
Textile or cleaved belt
A flat endless linear formation cut from a textile foil or extruded in to a belt, with a high width/depth ratio, longitudinally cleaved.
Monofilament
A gimp of an unlimited length, without a twist, materially homogenous, its micro-dimensions usually over 0.1 mm.
Plastomer
A macromolecular substance softening and becoming thermoplastic when subjected to heat; solidifying when cooled.
Thermoplastic resin
A plastic material, softening and becoming thermoplastic when subjected to heat, solidifying when cooled.
Thermosetting resin
A plastic material, becoming permanently hard and rigid when heated or cured.
Elastomer
A macromolecular substance swiftly resuming its original shape from which it was formed using slight tensioning (natural and synthetic elastic resin).
Foil
A flat shape of constant depth made by extruding.
Asphalt
Solid bitumen obtained from native deposits or as a petroleum byproduct.
Geogrids belong among geosynthetic materials maintaining the reinforcing function in the ground structure. In professional practice, we may encounter different types of products of this category varying in the production technology, character of the rib, or type of polymer.
Technical specification:
Geogrids consist of the sheet polymeric structure namely of a system of mostly perpendicular tensile longitudinal and lateral ribs that may be continuously mutually connected at the intersection (Figure #3), welding, gluing (Figure #4) and/or interlacing (Figure #1 and 2); this way are usually established openings 10 - 100 mm large allowing soil/rock particles or other geotechnical materials get through the geogrid's apertures. Geogrids are divided in single-axial and bi-axial:
By their structure geonets resemble geogrids. However, contrary to geogrids, they do not feature equivalent strength properties and thus, in the construction industry, they are used mainly for drainage of liquids or exhaustion of gases. So, their main function is drainage and combined with geotextile they often form a geocomposite.
Technical specification:
In most cases, ribs of geonets, contrary to geogrids, intersect at different than right angles and they are intended for drainage of liquids or exhaustion of gases. Geonets may be divided as follows:
Geocell (cellular system) is a system of interconnected surface textured perforated or smooth strips. These strips are connected by an ultrasound weld in order to form a honeycomb pattern. The cellular system is made from a high-density polyethylene HDPE, or polypropylene PP. This system is mostly applied to reinforce a low-bearing base (railroads, highways, dumping yards, etc.), stabilize surfaces of eroded slopes, reinforce stream banks and dikes, and erect retaining walls. For more information - see www.benda-trade.cz
For more geonet exporterinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.