Hydraulic lines, also referred to as hydraulic tube, at the most basic level are cylinder-shaped tubing devices that when integrated into a hydraulic system allow for fluid to pass among the components of that
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system. They are made of the toughest steel in order to withstand the high pressures that hydraulic systems require. The reason hydraulic lines are made of steel is because the ubiquitous copper tubing of the past could not handle higher pressure fluids. In order to accommodate such needs and requirements, steel lines became the norm, and enjoyed widespread use.
Options for steel hydraulic lines are welded and drawn. Welded tube meets SAE J525 and is typically used for pressure lines. Drawn tube, also referred to as seamless tube, meets SAE J524 has consistent resiliency throughout, and a smooth, clean surface.
Hydraulic line fabrication begins with the hydraulic tube. The tube is then cut to the desired length, bent with a CNC bender to the specifications, and fitted with the correct fittings for the job. Hydraulic tubes are good for use in any high pressure application, including construction sites and high performance. Stainless steel is another material option for when a hydraulic system requires extremely ductile and the least corrosive tubes.
Steel hydraulic lines are good for piping systems and high performance, and are used throughout various markets, including agriculture, construction and mining, diesel engine, injection molding, locomotive, marine, material handling, municipality and oil and gas. In the diesel engine world, turbo supply and return lines, coolant lines, exhaust gas recirculation lines and low pressure diesel fuel lines are all common uses.
Hydraulic steel lines keep some of the most important processes moving.
Looking for steel lines for your hydraulic project? Give PDI a call. Our engineers and technicians will work with you to create a solution.
Choosing the right hydraulic hose for a high-pressure industrial tool application can be a challenge especially for new hydraulic tool users, or more experienced technicians planning a new type of project. In this article, we cover the basics and terminology of hydraulic hoses. We then look at the different materials to choose from, the sizes available, and coupler options.
Hydraulic hoses are available in three different types of material. Rubber, Thermoplastic, and Plastic. Each with its own operational characteristics. This article and the videos below cover the Rubber and Thermoplastic types only as these are the ones commonly used with Enerpac tools. The other plastic hose type is designed for different applications where a non-conductive hose material is specified.
The safety factor (or design factor) is the ratio between the hose rating and the minimum pressure at which the hose would burst. For example, a rubber hose rated for pressures up to 10,000 psi (700bar) with a minimum burst pressure of 20,000 psi ( bar) has a safety factor of 2:1. The safety factor required varies by region across the world and in many cases should be 4:1. In most of these regions, the Enerpac 700 series thermoplastic hoses will meet these requirements.
The end of a hydraulic hose on a typical assembly usually includes a male thread. This is normally 3/8NPTF or ¼ NPTF. To simplify ordering and set up you can also buy them with a coupler on one or both ends.
Below: Watch the video summary of Part 1
Rubber is used in many regions around the world. Rubber hydraulic hoses are manufactured from 3 different layers: an inner synthetic rubber core, a 2-wire steel braid, and a rubber cover.
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Flexibility even at low working temperatures
Exceptional compatibility with many types of hydraulic oil
Low memory which means the hose will lie flat even when it has been coiled for a long time. The advantage of this is easier hose management with reduced trip hazards.
More prone to degradation if exposed to ultraviolet light for extended periods
Offers a 2:1 safety factor less than the 4:1 of thermoplastic hoses.
More prone to abrasion damage than thermoplastic hoses.
High safety factor 4:1 for hoses rated at 10,000 psi 700 bar.
Good choice for applications with high-pressure spikes and high-cycle applications.
Outer cover gives good abrasion resistance
Thermoplastic material allows the manufacture of attached twin hoses improving hose management on torque wrench applications.
Thermoplastic hoses experience memory which means theyre less likely to lie flat after being stored in the coiled state.
Less flexible than rubber hoses when working in cold environments.
Watch Video summary of Part 2
There are many different links, diameters, and coupler options to consider.
The hose to choose depends upon the hydraulic system you intend to create.
The first thing to select is the internal diameter of the hose (the ID). For most high-pressure industrial applications there are two main sizes to choose from 1/4 (6.4mm) and 3/8 (9.7mm). Note that the larger the ID the easier the hydraulic oil will flow.
For low flow systems powered by hand pumps, small air pumps, and power pumps under 1hp (0.75kw), a good rule of thumb is to use a quarter-inch (6.4mm) diameter hose for lengths up to 20 feet (6.1m).
For higher flow applications with larger powered pumps a 3/8 (9.7mm) ID hose is usually the optimum choice.
For longer hose runs when using single-acting tools, e.g., a hydraulic cylinder, a larger diameter 3/8 hose is a good choice. This will allow for easier oil flow back to the reservoir and therefore offer a better retraction. The retract performance may also improve if the pump is not run during the retract cycle. If you need a long hose run, it is better to create this by coupling 2 or 3 hoses together. Doing it this way is more cost-effective because if a section is damaged you will not need to replace the full hose.
Selecting the right hose end fittings depends not only on intended use, but also portability, and storage considerations.
If youre working on a benchtop system the hose may be plumbed directly to the pump or gauge, with a quick coupler attached to the tool at the other end. If you leave the hose attached to the pump when not in use it will not need refilling each time you use it.
If your system often needs to be taken apart its best to use a quick coupler at both ends. This allows for fast disassembly; it also prevents leaks during storage and means you wont need to refill the next time you use it. With dual coupler assembly, you can easily place the hose into a toolbox together with the cylinder and pump.
Watch video summary of Part 3
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