Titanium anode has excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance, much higher service life than lead anode, can work stably for more than 4,000 hours, low cost, will be the inevitable trend for the development of electroplating zinc, tin production at home and abroad. Titanium electrode is currently used in Japan, the United States, Germany, domestic, not only greatly save plating energy consumption, but also due to the fact that it can increase plating current density, creating conditions for the production of thick galvanized, tin steel plate.
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Titanium anode classification:
1&#;According to the differentiation of gas precipitated from anode in electrochemical reaction, the precipitated chlorine gas is called precipitated chlorine anode, such as ruthenium system coated titanium electrode: the precipitated oxidized one is called precipitated oxygen anode, such as iridium system coated titanium electrode and platinum titanium mesh/plate. Chlorine precipitation anode (ruthenium coated titanium electrode): the electrolyte has high chlorine ion content, generally in hydrochloric acid environment, electrolysis of seawater, electrolysis of salt water environment. The corresponding products of our company are ruthenium-iridium titanium anode and ruthenium-iridium tin titanium anode.
2&#;Oxygen precipitation anode (iridium coated titanium electrode): the electrolyte is usually in sulfuric acid environment. Corresponding to our products are iridium-tantalum anode, iridium-tantalum tin titanium anode, high iridium titanium anode.
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3&#;Platinum coated anode: titanium is the base material. The surface is coated with platinum, the thickness of the coating is generally 0.5-5μm, and the specification of the platinum titanium mesh is generally 12.5×4.5mm or 6×3.5mm.
Ruthenium-iridium titanium anodes have a certain period of working life during electrolytic operation. When the voltage rises to a very high level and no current actually passes through, the ruthenium-iridium-titanium anode loses its function, a phenomenon known as anode passivation.
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Passivation of ruthenium-iridium-titanium anodes has the following reasons.
a. Coating flaking
Titanium ruthenium iridium titanium anode consists of titanium substrate and ruthenium iridium titanium active coating, and it is only the ruthenium iridium titanium active coating that plays the role of electrochemical reaction. If the coating and the substrate are not strong enough to combine, it will fall off from the titanium plate substrate, and it will fall off to a certain degree, and then the titanium ruthenium iridium titanium anode loses its function. (Divided into pulverized shedding, convex belly-like layer peeling and cracking type shedding)
b.RuO2 dissolution
Reduce the occurrence of oxygen, then can slow down the generation of oxide film. When the total current density of electrolysis increases, the rate of chlorine generation increases much more than the rate of oxygen generation increases, so the current density increases in favor of chlorine in the reduction of oxygen content. The titanium substrate is pre-oxidized to form a layer of oxide film first, which can increase the binding force of ruthenium-iridium-titanium active coating and titanium substrate and make the coating firm, which can prevent the ruthenium from falling off and dissolving, but it will also cause the ruthenium-iridium-titanium anode ohmic drop to be elevated.
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c.Oxide saturation
The active coating is composed of non-stoichiometric RuO2- and TiO2, which are oxygen-deficient oxides. It is the non-stoichiometric oxides that are the real activation centers of the chlorine discharge. The more such oxides there are, the more active centers there are and the better the activity of the ruthenium-iridium-titanium anode. The conductivity of ruthenium-iridium-titanium coated anode is the performance presented by the aberrant n-type mixed crystals generated from RuO2 and TiO2 of the same crystalline type by heat treatment, in which there are some oxygen vacancies, and when these oxygen vacancies are filled with oxygen, the overpotential rises rapidly, leading to passivation.
d. Cracks in the coating
Electrolysis in the ruthenium-iridium titanium anode to generate new ecological oxygen, some of which is discharged in the active coating and electrolyte interface, and then leave the anode surface to generate oxygen into solution; due to the existence of cracks in the active coating, and the other part of the oxygen adsorbed on the surface of the anode, through the diffusion or migration through the active coating to reach the coating and the titanium plate substrate interface, and then the oxygen is chemically adsorbed on the surface of titanium substrate and titanium to generate a non-conductive oxide film (TiO2), which is not conductive. Then oxygen is chemically adsorbed on the surface of titanium substrate, generating a non-conductive oxide film (TiO2) with titanium, which generates a reverse resistance; or the electrolyte intrudes through the cracks of the coating, the titanium substrate is slowly oxidized, and the interface with the ruthenium-iridium-titanium active coating is corroded so that the ruthenium-iridium-titanium active coating is dislodged, which results in the ruthenium-iridium-titanium anode with an increased potential. The increase in potential further promotes the dissolution of the coating and the oxidation of the titanium substrate.
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Iridium oxide-coated titanium anodes are celebrated for their versatility and efficiency across various industrial applications. These anodes are integral in processes requiring high conductivity and exceptional corrosion resistance, making them indispensable in industries such as electroplating, metal production, cathodic protection, and water treatment. Below, we delve into the significant roles they play in these key sectors, highlighting their impact on operational efficiency, product quality, and environmental sustainability.
Iridium oxide-coated titanium anodes are pivotal in the electroplating industry, where their high conductivity and corrosion resistance are highly valued. These anodes ensure prolonged operational life while efficiently attracting metal ions, which is essential for creating durable and robust metal coatings on various surfaces.
This capability not only improves the quality and durability of plating but also enhances the overall efficiency of the electroplating process. As a result, they provide a reliable and cost-effective solution for a wide range of electroplating applications, leading to reduced costs and consistent, high-quality outcomes.
The production of aluminum foil greatly benefits from the use of iridium oxide-coated titanium anodes. These anodes are essential for conducting electrical currents during the electrolysis process, which is a critical step in aluminum production. Their superior electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance significantly enhance the efficiency of this process.
As a result, there is a stable and quality deposition of aluminum, leading to the production of consistent and reliable aluminum foil. This efficiency and reliability make iridium oxide-coated titanium anodes indispensable in the aluminum foil manufacturing industry.
In the electrolytic production of copper foil, iridium oxide-coated titanium anodes are highly valued for their ability to attract metal ions from the electrolyte and facilitate their deposition onto the substrate, resulting in high-quality copper foil. Their exceptional electrical conductivity ensures efficient current transfer, optimizing the electrolysis process.
Moreover, these anodes are engineered to withstand corrosive production environments, ensuring consistent performance and minimizing the need for maintenance and replacement. This makes them essential for producing efficient, durable, cost-effective copper foil.
The galvanized steel sheet manufacturing process benefits immensely from the use of iridium oxide-coated titanium anodes. Their high electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance make them ideal for electroplating, ensuring a consistent supply of electrical current for zinc coating on steel surfaces.
The combination of titanium and iridium oxide in these anodes leads to uniform plating thickness and enhanced production efficiency. Additionally, iridium oxide&#;s corrosion resistance extends the anodes&#; lifespan, leading to reduced maintenance costs and increased productivity.
In water treatment, iridium oxide-coated titanium anodes are crucial for efficient and eco-friendly electrochemical disinfection and electrocoagulation. They operate effectively in harsh chemical environments, thanks to their corrosion resistance, and their high electrocatalytic activity enhances the removal of impurities from water.
These anodes enable a chemical-free approach to water purification, making them key components in the process of ensuring clean and safe water. Their extended lifespan and operational efficiency also contribute to the cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability of water and wastewater treatment processes.
Iridium oxide-coated titanium anodes are also integral in cathodic protection systems, where they play a crucial role in preventing corrosion of metal structures such as pipelines, tanks, and marine vessels. These anodes, due to their high corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, are effective in creating a protective electrochemical environment around the metal structure.
By applying a controlled current to the metal, these anodes transform potential corrosion sites into cathodic areas, thus preventing the metal&#;s degradation. The durability and efficiency of iridium oxide-coated titanium anodes make them a preferred choice for long-term cathodic protection solutions, significantly extending the lifespan of critical infrastructure in various industries.
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