The origin of aluminum foil can be traced by to the early s. Life Savers&#;one of today&#;s most popular candies&#;were first packaged in foil in . To this day, the treats are encased in the world-famous aluminum foil tube. The uses of foil have grown over the past 100 years to a nearly endless count. From Christmas tree ornaments to spacecraft insulation, TV dinners to medicine packets&#;aluminum foil has, in many ways, improved both our products and our lives.
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One of the first commercial uses of aluminum foil came in . Foil leg bands were used to identify racing pigeons.
Jiffy Pop Popcorn, released in , combined a heavy-gauge foil pan and an expandable, light-gauge foil cover to deliver their "magic treat."
The "shiny" side of aluminum foil is 88 percent reflective, making it one of the best and most efficient insulators for solar heat.
Approximately 7 billion aluminum foil containers are produced annually. This production rate nets to 220 containers produced every second.
Aluminum foil is produced by rolling aluminum slabs cast from molten aluminum in a rolling mill to the desired thickness. To maintain a constant thickness, a technician monitors the rolling mill sensors to ensure the pressure on the slab is correct.
For decades, the use of foil has grown steadily in each of these categories.
Art and Decoration: Anodizing aluminum foil creates an oxide layer on the aluminum surface that can accept colored dyes or metallic salts. This technique uses aluminum to create inexpensive, brightly colored foils.
Increasingly, aluminum foil is being merged with flexible films to create lightweight packages. This technology allows the packages to expand during production, then contract as the product is consumed. The packaging of pet food, tuna, coffee and soups alone produces 13 billion packages that are candidates for replacement with flexible foil-based packages.
Aluminum foil has a shiny side and a matte side. The shiny side is produced when the aluminum is rolled during the final pass. It is difficult to produce rollers with a gap fine enough to roll a single sheet of foil. For the final pass, two sheets are rolled at the same time, doubling the thickness of the roll. When the sheets are later separated, the two inside surfaces are matte, and the two outside surfaces are shiny.
Aluminum foil is favored for its ability to provide a complete barrier to light, oxygen, moisture, and bacteria, making it perfect for food preservation.
Aluminum foil for packaging is made by rolling large slabs of aluminum until they are less than 0.2 mm thick, ensuring flexibility and strength.
While aluminum foil is recyclable, concerns arise from its energy-intensive production process and the tendency of consumers to discard it, leading to environmental waste.
A roll of aluminium foil
Aluminium foil (or aluminum foil in American English; occasionally called tin foil) is aluminium prepared in thin metal leaves. The foil is pliable and can be readily bent or wrapped around objects. Thin foils are fragile and are sometimes laminated with other materials such as plastics or paper to make them stronger and more useful.
Annual production of aluminium foil was approximately 850,000 tonnes (940,000 tons) in Europe in ,[1] and 600,000 tonnes (660,000 tons) in the U.S. in .[2] Approximately 75% of aluminium foil is used for packaging of foods, cosmetics, and chemical products, and 25% is used for industrial applications (e.g., thermal insulation, electrical cables, and electronics).[2] It can be easily recycled.
Aluminium foil supplanted tin foil in the mid 20th century. In the United Kingdom and United States it is often informally called "tin foil", just as steel cans are often still called "tin cans". Metallised films are sometimes mistaken for aluminium foil, but are actually polymer films coated with a thin layer of aluminium.
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Foil made from a thin leaf of tin was commercially available before its aluminium counterpart. Tin foil was marketed commercially from the late nineteenth into the early twentieth century. The term "tin foil" survives in the English language as a term for the newer aluminium foil. Tin foil is less malleable than aluminium foil and tends to give a slight tin taste to food wrapped in it. Tin foil has been supplanted by aluminium and other materials for wrapping food.[3]
The first audio recordings on phonograph cylinders were made on tin foil.[4]
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Tin was first replaced by aluminium in , when the first aluminium foil rolling plant, Dr. Lauber, Neher & Cie. was opened in Emmishofen, Switzerland. The plant, owned by J. G. Neher & Sons, the aluminium manufacturers, was founded in in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, at the foot of the Rhine Falls, whose energy powered the process. In December , Neher's sons, along with Dr. Lauber, had invented the endless rolling process, by which they discovered that aluminium foil could be used as a protective barrier.[5]
In , Bern-based Tobler began wrapping its chocolate bars in aluminium foil, including the unique triangular chocolate bar, Toblerone.[6]
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The first use of foil in the United States was in for wrapping Life Savers, candy bars, and gum.[7]
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Microscopic close-up of aluminium foil on the back of an intumescent rubber stripAluminium foil has a thickness less than 0.2 mm (7.9 mils); thinner gauges down to 6 micrometres (0.24 mils) are also commonly used.[8] Standard household foil is typically 0.016 mm (0.63 mils) thick, and heavy-duty household foil is typically 0.024 mm (0.94 mils)
Foil may have a non-stick coating on only one side.[9]
Although aluminium is non-magnetic, it is a good conductor, so even a thin sheet reflects almost all of an incident electric wave. At frequencies more than 100 MHz, the transmitted electric field is attenuated by more than 80 decibels (dB), that is less than 10&#;8 = 0. of the power gets through.[10]
Thin sheets of aluminium are not very effective at attenuating low-frequency magnetic fields. The shielding effectiveness is dependent upon the skin depth. A field travelling through one skin depth will lose about 63% of its energy (it is attenuated to 1/e = 1/2.718... of its original energy). Thin shields also have internal reflections that reduce the shielding effectiveness.[11]
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A roll of aluminium foil, with micrometer showing a thickness of 13 μm (0.5 mils)The continuous casting method is much less energy-intensive and has become the preferred process.[12] It is difficult to produce rollers with a gap fine enough to cope with the foil gauge, and to avoid this, as well as reducing tearing, increasing production rates, and controlling thickness,[13] for the final pass when producing thicknesses below 0.025 mm (1 mil), two sheets are rolled at the same time, doubling the thickness of the gauge at entry to the rollers. After the rollers, the two sheets are separated, which produces foil with one shiny side and one matte side.
The two sides in contact with each other are matte, and the exterior sides become shiny. The reflectivity of dull aluminium foil is 80%, while shiny embossed foil reflects about 88%.[7] The difference in thermal properties between the two sides is imperceptible without instrumentation. By Kirchhoff's law radiation, increased reflectivity decreases both absorption and emission of radiation.
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Candies in aluminium foil packagingAluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, often in rolls of 500 mm (20 in) width and several metres in length.[14]
Aluminium foil is also used for barbecuing delicate foods.[15]
As with all metallic items, aluminium foil reacts to being placed in a microwave oven. This is because of the electromagnetic fields of the microwaves inducing electric currents in the foil and high potentials at the sharp points of the foil sheet; if the potential is sufficiently high, it will cause electric arcing to areas with lower potential, even to the air surrounding the sheet. Modern microwave ovens have been designed to prevent damage to the cavity magnetron tube from microwave energy reflection, and aluminium packages designed for microwave heating are available.[16]
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Some aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5% of the original energy cost.[17]
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